When you think of iconic American architecture, Philip Johnson’s name inevitably comes up. The fact that he was also the first recipient of the Pritzker Prize, which I have previously introduced to you, is a testament to his significance in the architectural profession.
Johnson’s career spanned decades and left an indelible mark on the architectural world. Let’s explore the life and work of this legendary architect, often referred to as the “Godfather of American Architecture.”
Biography of Philip Johnson
Philip was born in Cleveland in 1906 and died in 2005. He came from a wealthy family, as his father graduated from Harvard Law School and owned his law firm. His family’s wealth and education enabled him to attend Harvard University. After graduation, he traveled around Europe and met many modernist architects. These experiences broadened his horizons and played a key role in introducing modern architecture to the United States.
His architectural career
At Harvard, Philip studied philosophy, then switched to architecture after reading about it, entering Harvard’s Graduate School of Architecture in 1939 and starting his
design firm right after graduation. He even served as Director of Architecture at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.
Over the years, his style evolved, reflecting his ability to adapt and willingness to embrace new ideas. From glass and steel to postmodern eclecticism, Johnson’s work demonstrates a dynamic array of influences and innovations.
Selected architectural works
As one of the laymen of modern architecture, it is necessary to know and appreciate his work.
Glass House New Canaan
Completed in 1949, the Glass House was the first building Johnson designed on the base and was his residence. The house is secured using carbon steel columns and I-beams. The design was inspired by Mies van der Rohe’s Farnsworth house, who was also Philip’s mentor.
Standing outdoors you can see all of the interior of the glass house, showcasing the beauty of the structure. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1997. Living in the Glass House is like living in a living painting, where nature and architecture are seamlessly intertwined. The home challenges traditional notions of privacy and space.
Crystal Cathedral Garden Grove
Located in Orange County, Los Angeles, this church was completed in 1980. The shell is all silver glass and crystal clear, which has made it one of the famous California attractions. The church has a steel body frame and has over 10,000 silver glass windows installed on it.
The design of the cathedral embodies a spiritual transcendence that draws visitors into a space of reflection and awe. Johnson seems to have captured the ethereal beauty of light itself, crafting a sanctuary that inspires and uplifts.
One Atlantic Center Atlanta
It is the third tallest building in Atlanta and was completed in 1987. The walls of the One Atlantic Center are clad in pink granite, and the highest district level of the building is constructed with delicate spire poles and a graceful gold spire stop at the top of the treasured blue tower.
The design concept was inspired by Chicago’s Tribune Tower, a skyscraper that blends classical elements with modern design, adding a bright addition to the city’s skyline and demonstrating his ability in commercial architectural design.
Thanksgiving Square Dallas
This is a private park and public amenity that includes a landscaped garden, a non-denominational church, and the Burlington Truck Dock. The plaza was completed in 1976 and became a Dallas landmark. As a common root of religions, cultures, and traditions from around the world, it emphasizes the importance of expressing gratitude in real life. Johnson’s thoughtful combination of art and architecture transformed the plaza into a place of peace and connection, a refuge from the hustle and bustle of the city.
Architectural style
Having studied philosophy, one can always feel the reflection of philosophy in his works. And the constant evolution of architectural styles reflects his openness to change and exploration. Initially influenced by the International Style, he embraced the clean lines and minimalist aesthetics that defined modernism. Johnson’s work was never static, however, and he was constantly reinventing himself and exploring new movements and ideas.
In the 1960s, he turned to postmodernism, incorporating historical references and playful elements into his designs. This shift demonstrated his belief that architecture should not only serve a functional purpose but also engage and delight the senses.
Johnson’s work exhibits a diversity of ownership attributes, ranging from austere modernism to whimsical postmodernism. His ability to adapt and innovate kept his designs fresh and relevant, influencing generations of architects.
Conclusion
Philip Johnson left a monumental legacy in architecture. As the “Godfather of American Architecture,” he influenced the course of architectural history, introduced modernism to the United States, and championed the playful complexity of postmodernism. His work, from ethereal glass houses to awe-inspiring crystal cathedrals, continues to inspire and challenge architects today.
